Lucifer
From the Latin meaning 'light-bearer' or 'light-giver', the name was first applied logically to Jesus (as 'day star', 2 Peter 1, 19) as well as to Venus, the morning star.
In demonology Lucifer is the celestial being wrongly equated with Satan, probably due to a misreading of Isaiah, 14, 12 (applied to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, who in his pomp and glory aspired to exalt himself to the level of God):
"How art thou fallen from Heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning."
St. Jerome also applies the name Lucifer to Satan when writing his comments about Luke, 10, 18:
"I beheld Satan as lightning fall from Heaven."
The general view, adopted in the literary tradition, is that Satan was called Lucifer before the Fall from Heaven. According to the legends of the rebellion, Lucifer was the chief in the hierarchy of Heaven, and as preeminent among all created beings in beauty, power, and wisdom. To him God allotted dominion and power over the earth; and even after his fall from grace, he seemed to still retain, if not all, some of this power and status.
Lucifer's sin was pride, an act of pure egoism and malice; he loved himself, above anything else and to the exclusion of everything, without the excuse of ignorance. As governor of Heaven, he was seated next to the Lord; but as soon as God left His seat, Lucifer, swelling with pride, would sit himself on the heavenly throne. A indignant Michael (the archangel) battles with him, and after a angelical war, succeeds in banishing Lucifer and his followers from Heaven, casting all down to the infernal dwelling reserved for them for all eternity. The one once called Lucifer in Heaven, was now named Satan on earth; the angels that joined with him became the demons, of whom he was lord.
John Milton, in 'Paradise Lost', applies the name Lucifer to the demon of sinful pride; in Dante's 'The Divine Comedy' and in the play 'Doctor Faustus' (Christopher Marlowe), Lucifer is depicted as the king of Hell.
At all events, the name Lucifer has been adopted in esoteric circles to represent the modern equivalent of the being of the Sun (originally named Ormuzd in the Zoroastrian dualism) opposed by the darkness, the Prince of Lies, who was called Angra Mainyu, in occultism called Ahriman. Lucifer is also one of the demonic sins.
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